The invention discloses an iron ladle covering and uncovering device and method, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical industrial production. The iron ladle covering and uncovering device comprises a transporting vehicle; a supporting seat and an iron ladle are arranged on the left side and the right side of the top of the transporting vehicle correspondingly; sliding seats are arranged at the top of the supporting seat in a front-back symmetrical mode; electric push rod mounting seats are arranged on the left sides of the tops of the two sets of sliding seats correspondingly; electric push rods are fixedly mounted at the tops of the electric push rod mounting seats; and the tops of the sliding seats are slidably matched with movable rods which penetrate through the electricpush rod mounting seats, and the tops of the left ends of the movable rods are provided with fixed blocks which are fixedly connected with the telescopic ends of the electric push rods. The structureis simple, operation is convenient, the iron ladle can be covered and uncovered only by manually controlling a control switch, manual close participating in covering and uncovering is not needed, andthus work safety of workers is improved; and according to the iron ladle covering and uncovering device, the covering and uncovering processes of the iron ladle are more stable than those of a hoisting mode, and the situation that a cover of the iron ladle falls off is avoided.