The invention discloses a storage device achieving rapid storing and fetching. The storage device comprises a storing port, a storing area, a fetching port, conveyor belts and a server, wherein a sizescanning device is arranged at the storing port and used for obtaining the specification and dimension of an article, and the storing area comprises a cylindrical stand column, telescopic rod installing rings and lifting devices; clamping buckle installing rails are arranged on the cylindrical stand column and used for fixedly installing the telescopic rod installing rings, the middle position ofeach clamping buckle installing rail is provided with a circle of annular teeth, and a telescopic rod and a stepping motor are fixedly installed on each telescopic rod installing ring, wherein each telescopic rod is formed by connecting an inner layer and an outer layer in a sleeved manner, each outer layer is fixedly installed on the corresponding telescopic rod installing ring, and each inner layer is sleeved with the corresponding outer layer; and the conveyor belts comprise an inside conveying belt and an outside conveying belt, the server is used for selecting a storing region on the cylindrical stand column according to the specification and dimension, obtained through the size scanning device, of the article and correspondingly recording the article and the storing region, and theserver is further used for controlling startup and shutdown of the stepping motors.