The invention relates to a large-caliber reflection mirror iterative precompensation grinding method, in particular to a large-caliber reflection mirror iterative precompensation grinding method based on grinding wheel wear prediction. In order to solve the problems that in the prior art, under the fixed nominal grinding depth, the target surface figure accuracy is achieved through repeated replacement of a grinding wheel for repeated grinding, consequently, the grinding wheel losses are serious, the surface figure accuracy is poor, and wear efficiency is low, the method comprises the steps of building a predication model of the grinding wheel grinding ratio G about the grinding parameter, secondly, building a radial size wear amount predication model at the grinding wheel wear point in the grinding process, thirdly, building a non-spherical-face surface-shape error predication model, fourthly, through the iterative precompensation method, calculating wear surface-shaped error values of all points on a non-spherical-face generatrix until the requirements are met and fifthly, recording nominal grinding depth final predication values of all contact points in the iterative process, and carrying out numerical control grinding machining programming and subsequent machining. The method is used for the technical field of grinding machining of an optical non-spherical-face reflection mirror.