The invention discloses a station caption recognition method and a station caption recognition device. The station caption recognition method includes: training a corresponding multilevel classifier according to a pre-generated station caption classification tree with a multilayered structure, wherein the multilevel classifier comprises a plurality of sub-classifiers in one-to-one-correspondence to branch nodes of the station caption classification tree, each sub-classifier comprises a plurality of classification models in one-to-one-correspondence to child nodes corresponding to the branch nodes, positive samples of the classification models are all station caption samples included in the corresponding child nodes, and negative samples of the classification models are all station caption samples included in the other child nodes in brotherhood relation with the corresponding child nodes; recognizing the logo of a to-be-tested station caption in a display image according to the multilevel classifier. The station caption classification tree with the multilayered structure is structured in advance, the corresponding multilevel classifier is generated on the basis of the station caption classification tree, and accurate recognition of the logo of the to-be-tested station caption in the display image can be realized by the aid of the multilevel classifier.