The invention relates to a quality detection method of a Chinese medicinal preparation fetal lie pill. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, performing microscopic identification; secondly, identifying whether a fetal lie pill prescription contains components including amur corktree bark, liquoric root, ginseng, tree peony bark, corydalis tuber and nutgrass galingale rhizome by adopting thin-layer chromatography; and testing the content of tree peony bark in the fetal lie pill by taking paeonol as a reference substance with high-performance liquid chromatography. In the detection method disclosed by the invention, a thin-layer identification method for liquoric root, ginseng, tree peony bark, corydalis tuber and nutgrass galingale rhizome is added on the basis of original standards in the volume VII of Chinese medicinal component preparations in the Department Of Health Medicines, a method for testing the content of tree peony bark with high-performance liquid chromatography is made up, and a quality detection method is modified, so that the controllability of a fetal lie pill quality standard is enhanced, and the inherent quality and curative effect of a product are further ensured; and the quality detection method plays important roles in prompting product sales, increasing the market competitiveness of a product and ensuring the administration safety of a patient, and also plays an important role in facilitating modernization of Chinese medicines and going aboard of Chinese medicines.